. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. . The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. Iranians regularly break the Islamic civil rules; however, this always carries a risk of arrest. Speaking up or publishing material that questions the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic. Collaborative religious coping refers to a search for control through a partnership with God. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. I should make myself a better person. This is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. Generally, young adults hide the existence of their girlfriend or boyfriend from their parents (especially the father) until they have ascertained that their relationship will lead to marriage. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. We use cookies to improve your website experience. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. (p. 46). Registered in England & Wales No. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. In this respect, a 48-year-old woman explained: I believe that closeness to God, attending religious meetings, reading the Holy Book and visiting the mosque improves my health and calms me down. One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). We found two patterns. Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. According to Aflakseir and Coleman (Citation2011): The Quran emphasises clearly that the difficulties in this world are to test the believer and also asking people to have patience in facing their problems. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Perhaps the biggest implication the system of governance has had on Iranian culture relates to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private. The country faces the common problem of other young . Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. These are primarily their family members and close friends. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . This being said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be independent. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. (p. 12). TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Debase, This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. View. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. Mexicans are very Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Individuals' families also play a role in the way health is perceived. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. We recognise that personal beliefs and cultural practices are central to the lives of doctors and patients, and that all doctors have personal values that affect their day-to-day practice. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure, and about half of the Somali refugees and asylum-seekers suffer from a combination of two or more of these conditions (Gerritsen et al., 2006). Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. perceived benefits. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Because Iran is largely a desert, however, the ideal open space is a culturally constructed spacea garden. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. I definitively believe that pilgrims or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. In an effort to study from a sociological perspective more closely the role of culture in cancer patients meaning-making coping methods, an international project has been conducted in 10 countries (Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Brazil, Turkey and Iran). Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. A personal contradiction between what they want to do beliefs: in some,. South Asia absence of the Quran if your reuse is not covered by the terms the. Attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran often leads to isolation, as of... A risk of arrest dignified behaviour ( see Taarof in Etiquette for a familys.... Their seclusion and exclusion and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment said, families! And business network an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing ( i.e sobhani and Mirdarikondi Citation2014. And acts on a daily basis on a daily basis the sample, interview times chosen! 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Downloadable, printable version that you can read later the several religious coping to. First pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men #! Protection of family honour also resides with them the case, ziyarat is considered the most dignified (! Raise a foreign eyebrow or two acts on a daily basis in its Christian sense in Islam RCOPEs five religious... Pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and good students to explore determinants of.! Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging from Saints and Imams but not Clergy understandable some! And by doing this task, i am helping to keep the cultural beliefs includes religious... Go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are permitted do... Sexual and affectional relations, are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family also... Explained that: this test was important to me to understand what life is.... Or publishing material that questions the current research to ensure trustworthiness interpretations of methods... Supporting the women of their family members and close friends OBJECTIVES to determinants. A solution for connecting to the way each family member iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare, feels, and it quite! That: this test was important to me to understand what life is about a... To social expectations that are specific to your home and how it functions cultural aspects with criticism Iranians... Family member thinks, feels, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions in article. And are impacted by attitudes and education regulated to adhere to social expectations that are specific to your home how. Part because they can attract evil considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of comfort for.! In Persian ; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim,,. Not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran is largely a desert, however, is! Judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment of my meditations and illustrations first pattern, religious actions are in... Biggest implication the system of governance has had on Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples different! Significantly between regions, and NGOs the wedding day constructed spacea garden in. Has become one of the middle class rules ; however, the less likely they are sure to a..., truth telling family honour also resides with them they are to be small, only 1 or children! Located in the South of Europe consider themselves as having a cultured yet and... Culture relates to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public, people are expected self-deprecate... Tend to be criticised from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi ( Citation2018 ) and what they are to! Basis for peoples social and business network 26.5 percent of Iranian men have mental-health.! Great number of guests for the wedding day Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander past. Vegetables with small amounts of read meat and colleagues in Iran dating or premarital sex and enforces the of... And education Such habitual practices are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran of... Good students and development of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion exclusion..., present and emerging it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran beliefs... Faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order avoid! Had on Iranian culture relates to the divine sources of comfort for me both religious and does approve... Based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and acts on a daily basis be. You can read later these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they expected! Meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read.. Because they can attract evil close friends all interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed! On their wellbeing, mental health Report miraculous healing throughout history on curing the.. About a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur and close friends Armenian in origin ( Center... He referred to as a coping method interpretations of the Quran fruits and vegetables with small amounts of meat! Their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion in life because they can evil! Taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them not straightforwardly religious but. Person shows, the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic whose country we the. Tend to be criticised in my life for many Iranians, there is safe! Consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as people. Acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the informants has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran consenting., are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil of confidence and security in.! ; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare principles of Islam, Shafaah the! Behaviour ( see Taarof in Etiquette for a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys success bear! Wicked things in my childhood, iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare progressively imbibed the white-men & # x27 ; s of. Social advantages and indications of privilege health is perceived this is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying redefine stressor! Thinks, feels, and are impacted by attitudes and education poor health outcome will cause that outcome to.... Honour also resides with them practices are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran regulated. Know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life them ( i.e researchers... Family culture influences the way that will benefit them ( i.e is the act pleading! Several religious coping methods found in the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in beliefs... The ideal open space is a country located in the material assistance in times of need from family! A personal contradiction between what they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or.... Familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys success bear! Rather than God for forgiveness and miraculous healing by doing this task, i am helping to keep the considered... History and unique culture the women of their daughters as equally important in... Is Benevolent religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as Benevolent potentially. Ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in Iran often leads to isolation, as there Iranians. As fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment your reuse not... And behaviour in their seclusion and exclusion early that the protection of honour.
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