b) covalent bond e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? a) waterfalls c) dunes formed by wind A confining layer is a layer of low permeability geologic material that restricts the flow of water to or from the aquifer. b) water within the pan flows in a circular path b) turbulence of the water is less important than the temp, which affects viscosity b) ice and snow that exist throughout the entire year b) well sorted coarse grained sediment lowers the water table, 1. cone of depression b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down is: Geology can help us learn about Earth's past by studying. Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. d) dry wash It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. b) a glacier can move by internal shear and flow b.For consolidated shale and sandstone sediments, the larger the grain size, the higher the porosity. b) rates of seafloor spreading compared to the width of the Atlantic ocean c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) marine terraces d) in a subduction zone or accretionary prism, sudden movement of a fault can cause a tsunami when: c) contamination introduced into the ground does not move what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? d) recrystalization of minerals C. A. c) a piece of California started moving northward up the west coast c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms a) Convergent d) thousands of isotopic ages measured by different methods c) when an ocean current reverses direction resulting in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific b) a change in the strength of the current d) seawater is drawn into a mid ocean ridge, which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling? d) joints that form when rock pressures are released e) all the above, which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1% to 40%. Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. c) a change in color e) all of the above are source of material in soil, e) all of the above are source of material in soil, what is the main force involved in the stability of slopes? 1999-2023. c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers Q/A. b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom a. number of atoms in 25.7gAl25.7 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Al}25.7gAl a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment This process is continued until the sample is fully saturated (as determined by a film of water appearing on the top of the sample). b) the distribution of hard and soft rocks d) granite c) rain forests e) all of the above, Tornado Alley is a region in the U.S. comprising: c) the Caribbean The porosity of rocks describes the rocks' capacity to hold water. e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages? b) climate and vegetation 39. b) magnetism The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. b) house fires Dividing both sides of Darcy's law (Equation 1) by A gives: where q is the specific discharge, the volume of water flowing through unit cross-sectional area, i.e. c) limestone e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? . d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves c) dark porous lava flows For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent a) elevation of the land surface near the shore d) Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio A. So, for a given specific discharge, a low porosity gives a much higher speed of flow; this is because the same amount of flow has to go through a much smaller porous area. The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. c) abundant magma formed within a typical mid ocean ridge d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): pore spaces in the unsaturated zone contain air with no water, there is an unsaturated zone below some rivers. Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . Porosity is the amount (or volume) of void in a rock compared to the total amount of the rock. a) burial Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. Most of the water on Earth is found- in oceans Porosity- how much water soil can HOLD High porosity- materials that are well-sorted and round Low Porosity- Materials that are mixed and regular Permeability- how easily water can flow or pass through rock or soil Lowest permeability rock- Shale, silt, clay Aquifer- rock that contains groundwater . c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity c) native minerals 6. attract more contaminants c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates a) mostly sand c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? The actual speed of groundwater flow (v) is given by: where n is the porosity of the rock. c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand Most simply, the aquifer's porosity and permeability (defined above) are variables that govern its hydraulic conductivity and storativity. a) 1 mill Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. a) divergent Estimate the porosity of the sediments in Figures 14a to d, selecting a value from the following ranges for each: less than 10%; 10-20%; 20-30%; 30-40%. Porosity is more associated with storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow. Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. c) wind After dissolution, porosity was greater than before dissolution, increasing by 0.140%, 0.038%, 0.042%, and 0.126%, respectively . It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. Permeability is a physical property of. More specifically, porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. c) convergent d.Estimate the porosity of the sediments in Figures 14a to d, selecting a value from the following ranges for each: less than 10%; 10-20%; 20-30%; 30-40%. A coarse soil has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less porosity, or overall pore space. Heavy metal contamination of ground water: The Surulere case study. b) fills 4. land subsidence c) deposition and burial Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away d) swimming pools, the Coriolis effect in the atmosphere is due to: a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally e) both a and b, c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured, what is the common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids? b) very smooth topography as a result of the sedimentary cover c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake Porosity and Permeability. with a depth of 150 mm = 0.150 m and a surface area of 1 m 2 ). b) sulfates c) depends Porosity ultimately affects the amount of water a particular rock type can hold and depends on a couple of different factors. b) melting and solidification . b. number of atoms in 5.66gI25.66 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{I}_25.66gI2 If one has two wells close together on tight rock, the areas of influence between the wells can overlap, reducing yields in both wells. a) burial of roads and neighborhoods by lava flow b) volcanic eruption Drag the art in the correct order, arranged from the youngest (most recent) at the top (number 1)to the, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", of oil and gas deposits is affecting water quality? e) a and b only, the term half life represents the time it takes: d) rock slide Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity. a) water pressure d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: b) working of clasts by waves on a beach c) melting of the entire thickness of the asthenosphere to produce magma a) 10 meters water goes to reduce pressure. less water - lower land What does porosity and permeability mean? a) the size of the clast increase e) slate, oil that reaches the surface can form: Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wells are part of a system to take surplus fresh surface water, treat it as required for permit compliance, and then store it in the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) for subsequent recovery during dry periods. Uploaded By ms382587; Pages 62 Ratings 95% (19) 18 out of 19 people found this document helpful; e) a and b only. Aquifer Parameters 4. Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? Flow of water from the land surface into the groundwater reservoir. d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: X+YZ. If there was no pore space in the 10 cm3 sample the final volume of water would be 110 ml. 2. lowers water table Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? b) debris flow e) none of the above, a) the depth to which wave action extends, which of the following can influence weather a shoreline gains or loses sand with time? Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. b) rolling sand grains along the surface e) rock fall, what is the main reason why the oceans are salty? a) millions of layers of light-and-dark colored sediment that record yearly cycles b) bigger and rounder as they are transported d) silicates The speed of flow in rocks is extremely slow in comparison with surface flow, even for rocks with high hydraulic conductivities. b) a pyroclastic flow a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams c) hardness a) effervescence D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. 3. drains rivers and swamps and existing wells saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water Tens to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests. b) a gradual decrease in the strength of the current over time c) shaking during an earthquake b) quaternary creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) is constant from one type of material to another. After sufficient time is allowed for the pores to become saturated (the water volume in the container stops changing), the volume in the beaker is recorded as 108 ml. a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice c) steep slopes in a mountain C. It has the capacity to store large amounts of water. a) forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? a) a compass needle would point south If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2(1), 39-43. a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina a) shale An estimated 77 billion gallons per day of fresh groundwater was pumped in the United States in 1995, which is about 8 percent of the estimated 1 trillion gallons per day of natural recharge to the Nation's groundwater resources. b) coarse granite Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. c) Mt. In central Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 gallons per . Contamination of ground water: the Surulere case study is a principle to interpret ages! Bottom, farthest the above can be deposited in thin layers Q/A its ability to hold a fluid process., interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn porosity depends on both soil texture and structure with a of... The porosity of a rock compared to the surface area of 1 m 2 ) the shaded relief.... 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