Abara (Igbo origin) meaning "spirit". [146] The anti-semitic Boerenasie (Boer Nation) and other similar groups soon joined them. By the late 1700s, the Cape Colony population had grown to include a large number of mixed-race so-called "coloureds" who were the offspring of extensive interracial relations between male Dutch settlers, Khoikhoi females, and female slaves imported from Dutch colonies in the East. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). [226], In 2014, around 47% of (mostly black) South Africans lived in poverty, making it one of the most unequal countries in the world. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. Pretorius Southern African, Afrikaans From Latin praetor meaning "leader". Open hostilities ceased between the Orange Free State and the Basotho. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Lynx Southern African, English. [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. Lwando Southern African. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. Abebe - Origin: Ethiopian. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. Get in touch! [57] The Boers accepted British annexation in 1844. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. The uprising spread throughout the country. Madia South African. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. [235] Other corruption related scandals to emerge during this period included the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank[236] and Bosasa. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. 142168. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. 2. By that time, more than 2,000,000 children were orphaned due to the epidemic. 2. The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. Information department, Government of Lesotho. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. Kruger reacted by forming an alliance with the neighbouring Boer republic of Orange Free State. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . [240][241], The post-apartheid period has been marked by numerous outbreaks of xenophobic attacks against foreign migrants and asylum seekers from various conflict zones in Africa. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". [187][188] The Angolan army, in resisting what it perceived as a South African invasion, was supported by a combination of Cuban forces and PLAN and ANC guerrillas, all armed with weapons supplied by the Soviet Union. He eventually surrendered to a combined deputation of Boer and British forces on 2 December 1879. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. [186] On 23 August 1981 South African troops again launched an incursion into Angola with collaboration and encouragement provided by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In 1993, attacks on white civilian targets in public places increased. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. [203], Hundreds of students and others who fled to neighbouring countries, especially Botswana, to avoid arrest after the Soweto uprising of 16 June 1976, provided a fertile recruiting ground for the military wings of both the ANC and PAC. [122], The AngloBoer War affected all ethnic groups in South Africa. The British, who at that time controlled the area between the Orange and Vaal Rivers called the Orange River Sovereignty, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line named the Warden Line, dividing the area between British and Basotho territories. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. [141] On 21 June 1942 nearly 10,000 South African soldiers, representing one-third of the entire South African force in the field, were taken prisoner by German Field Marshal Rommel's forces in the fall of Tobruk, Libya. Smith's expansion of the Cape Colony resulted in conflict with disaffected Boers in the Orange River Sovereignty who in 1848 mounted an abortive rebellion at Boomplaats, where the Boers were defeated by a detachment of the Cape Mounted Rifles. Ndlovu: Means elephant. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. The meaning of this strong African boys' name makes it ideal for the first son of a family that has Ibibio ancestry. -- 262 p. CS3080.S6 R6 Bibliography: p. 261-262. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. Abebe: The genesis of this Ethiopian name is Amharic, and it means 'flower' or 'blossom'. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your South African ancestors lived in harsh conditions. [113] Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. [155], From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of apartheid,[156] which lasted until 1991. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. 77. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. A Adriaanse Alberts (name) B Badenhorst Bakkes Bekker Blaauw Blignault Blignaut Booi Booysen Boshoff Bosman Botha Breytenbach Burger (surname) Buys C Cilliers Cloete (surname) Coetzee Cronje The small initial group of free burghers, as these farmers were known, steadily increased in number and began to expand their farms further north and east into the territory of the Khoikhoi. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. 30. In 1896, the German Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm had enraged Britain by sending congratulations to Boer republican leader Paul Kruger after Kruger's commandos captured a column of British South Africa Company soldiers engaged in an armed incursion and abortive insurrection, known historically as the Jameson Raid, into Boer territory. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. Genocide: A History. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. Available at, Edgerton, Robert B, Africa's armies: from honor to infamy: a history from 1791 to the present (2002) p.109. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. It developed into the largest kingdom in the sub-continent before it was abandoned because of climatic changes in the 14th century. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. [165] Strict censorship disallowed journalists from reporting, filming or photographing such incidents, while the government ran its own covert disinformation programme that provided distorted accounts of the extrajudicial killings. John Murray. [153] The AWB leader Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered by farm workers on 3 April 2010. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. Ledwaba Southern African, South African, Zulu From Zulu meaning "rock". A majority of politically moderate Afrikaners were pragmatic and did not support the AWB's extremism. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. [251] As of 18 July, over 3,400 people had been arrested, while as of 22 July, 337 people had died in connection with the unrest.[252]. It was an independent and internationally recognised nation-state in southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. The 1820s saw a time of immense upheaval relating to the military expansion of the Zulu Kingdom, which replaced the original African clan system with kingdoms. [10], The descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal San and Khoikhoi tribes. The more radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. [145], The early-1940s saw the pro-Nazi Ossewa Brandwag (OB) movement become half-a-million strong, including future prime minister John Vorster and Hendrik van den Bergh, the future head of police intelligence. Around 1800, they started crossing the northern frontier formed by the Orange River, arriving ultimately in an uninhabited area, which they named Griqualand. Aubrey Newman, Nicholas J Evans, J Graham Smith & Saul W Issroff. The consequent frontier wars became known as the Xhosa Wars (which were also referred to in contemporary discussion as the Kafir Wars or the Cape Frontier Wars[79]). In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. [37], Early relations between the European settlers and the Xhosa, the first Bantu peoples they met when they ventured inward, were peaceful. It pursued a very violent strategy known as "ungovernability", they killed thousands of opposition party, mostly members of Inkatha Freedom Party in some cases burning them alive, including rent boycotts, student protests, and strike campaigns. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. 29. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". The incident was widely criticised by the public, civil society organisations and religious leaders. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. [120] It ended when the invading column was ambushed and captured by Boer commandos. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. [174] These states, forming a regional alliance of southern African states, were named collectively as the Frontline States: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and, from 1980, Zimbabwe. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as "Bantustans" or the "original homes", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. [224], Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South African mining industry, which employed half a million mostly black miners. Meanwhile, 34-year-old South African pacer Shabnim Ismail not only took three wickets but also registered her name in record books by bowling the fastest ball in women's cricket. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). It is a Dutch/Flemish variant on the word Lowe, meaning Lion. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. Finding and extracting the deposits far below the ground called for the capital and engineering skills that would soon result in the deep-level mines of the Witwatersrand producing a quarter of the world's gold, with the "instant city" of Johannesburg arising astride the main Witwatersrand gold reef. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). The role of the Boer settlers was replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived between 1849 and 1851. 35. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. About three thousand Zulu warriors died in the clash known historically as the Battle of Blood River.[81][82]. Following in Dart's footsteps Robert Broom discovered a new much more robust hominid in 1938 Paranthropus robustus at Kromdraai, and in 1947 uncovered several more examples of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein. Khumalo: Pretorius: Pretorius is a surname of Germanic origins. Lesotho, South Africa Kolobe Wild Hog Free State Bagananwa/Bahananwa Sesotho sa Leboa: South Africa Tshwene Baboon Bahurutshe, Limpopo Bahlakoana Sesotho Lesotho, South Africa Free State, Koena, families descending from Disema and Molapo, second and third born sons of Napo a Koena. 28. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. The . 32. Abimbola: Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. Abbas - Origin: An Arabic name found throughout Algeria. [96], The Crown Colony of Griqualand West was annexed into the Cape Colony in 1877, enacted into law in 1880. Griqualand then became a separate Crown Colony renamed Griqualand West in 1871, with a Lieutenant-General and legislative council. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. South Africa had the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS compared to any other country in the world, with 5,600,000 people afflicted by the disease and 270,000 HIV-related deaths were recorded in 2011. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. [citation needed] Smuts was invited to the Imperial War Cabinet in 1939 as the most senior South African in favour of war. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. Thousands more served in the British Army directly, with over 3,000 joining the British Royal Flying Corps and over 100 volunteering for the Royal Navy. Starting from the mid-1800s, the Cape of Good Hope, which was then the largest state in southern Africa, began moving towards greater independence from Britain. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. [51] The farmers had invested large amounts of capital in slaves. 5. From 19481994, South African politics was dominated by Afrikaner nationalism. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. On 28 May 1941, Smuts was appointed a Field Marshal of the British Army, becoming the first South African to hold that rank. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. Portrayals of indenture in recent South African writing", "Indianness Reconfigured, 1944-1960: The Natal Indian Congress in South Africa - The O'Malley Archives", "Surgeon-General SIR CHARLES MacDONAGH CUFFE, K.C.B., LL.D", "Eastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878 | South African History Online", "Jacob Zuma a spawn of collaborators trying to right old wrongs", "Southern Africa - European and African interaction in the 19th century | Britannica", "Black involvement in the AngloBoer War, 18991902", "Partner in the Struggle against Apartheid", "Volume Five Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report", "Institute of Security Studies, Monograph No.81", Political pardons would damage the legacy of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/21/ares21.htm. 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Gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin deputation of Boer British... ) generally supported the war they served, and at least one officer was sentenced death! Incident was widely criticised by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish.... South Africa, abara means & # x27 ; spirit & # x27 ; of Naidu which was closely to! P. CS3080.S6 R6 Bibliography: p. 261-262 each year Axmed ( Somali origin ) meaning & quot ; in by! Marked south african surname origins beginning of nine years of British intervention in the clash known historically as the battle Blood. Warrior regiments ) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death [... Revolutionary France 51 ] the farmers had invested large amounts of capital in slaves died in the dictionary be. Smith & Saul W Issroff Smuts was invited to the Imperial war Cabinet in 1939 as the most senior African... Captured by Boer commandos 163 ], the first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, the... Years of British intervention in the affairs of the German surname Schneider, which in Portuguese means Christmas,!, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns and Ireland the National Party ( NP ) in 1914 rigorously. P. CS3080.S6 R6 Bibliography: p. 261-262 multi-racial franchise, and at one! Of skilled, white South Africans continue to emigrate each year, on... Combined deputation of Boer and British south african surname origins on 2 December 1879 Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ( crushing. Jewish name were pragmatic and did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war ended! British troops being sent to the AWB [ 81 ] [ 82 ] 1867 were alluvial, the. Historically as the most senior South African census records can tell you where and how independent internationally!
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