"[22], Although he was born Freddie Lee Robinson, Shuttlesworth took the name of his stepfather, William N. Most Popular Boost Birthday March 18, 1922 (age 89) Birthplace Mount Meigs, Alabama, United States. in 1951, and later earned his B.S. After Alabama officially banned the . 1, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his parents' relationship, pt. He served as president of the group until 1969 and spearheaded the movement to integrate . [3] Shuttlesworth studied at Selma University, earning his B.A. He has made such amount of wealth from his primary career as Civil Rights Leader. Reverend Shuttlesworth established the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), in 1956, serving as president of the group until 1969. . As a result, in 1961, Shuttlesworth moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, to take up the pastorage of the Revelation Baptist Church. Learn Fred Shuttlesworth facts for kids. [7] However, the planners of the Rides were undeterred and decided to continue preparing. Arsenault, Raymond (2006). The Shuttleworths divorced in 1970, and Ruby died the following year. A church member standing guard saw a bomb that had been placed by the church and quickly moved it to the street before it went off.[2]. Civil Rights Leader Born in Alabama #7. However, the planners of the Rides were undeterred and decided to continue preparing. This LibGuide is intended to be used as a resource for high school students to learn more about Fred Shuttlesworth, a civil rights activist who was often overshadowed by other leaders of the movement and has been consequently forgotten from many discussions of the Civil Rights Movement. N/A. Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor (July 11, 1897 - March 10, 1973) was an American politician who served as Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, for more than two decades.A member of the Democratic Party, he strongly opposed the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Frederick Lee Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 October 5, 2011) was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama. On October 27, 2008, the airport was officially changed to BirminghamShuttlesworth International Airport. Rev. Shuttlesworth told him to tell the Klan that he was not leaving and "I wasn't raised to run. 5,443 Sq. From the solar system to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking. Library of Congress/The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom, CBS News, May 18, 1961, www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/multimedia/fred-shuttlesworth.html. Oxford UP. Fred Shuttlesworth was Birmingham's leading civil rights activist at the time of the Freedom Rides. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, 89, one of the bravest and most dynamic leaders of the civil rights movement, who survived bombings, beatings and dozens of arrests in his efforts . Fred L. Shuttlesworth, leader of opposition to segragated busing, speaking from pulpit at anti-segregation meeting. Ron Stallworth, a Colorado police officer, didn't realize it would be so easy to trick the group that so hated him. Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth. He worked as a labourer and a truck driver before graduating from Selma University (1951) and Alabama State College (1952). From the start of his career, Shuttlesworth, who was raised poor in Alabama, was fiery and obstinate. Shuttlesworth was married to Ruby Keeler Shuttlesworth, with whom he had four children: Patricia Shuttlesworth Massengill, Ruby Shuttlesworth Bester, Fred L. Shuttlesworth Jr., and Carolyn Shuttlesworth. 2, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers pastoring First Baptist Church of Selma, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls his invitation to pastor Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his sermons, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his civil rights activity in Alabama, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls his first sermon at Bethel Baptist Church, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his activism as a preacher, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his entry to the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls the prohibition of the NAACP in Alabama, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls organizing the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers the bombing of his home, pt. Once called "the most courageous civil rights fighter in the South" by Martin Luther King, Jr., Rev. I think between principle and politics, people ought to take, choose principle. 2, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls his stepfather's bootlegging operations, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls his stepfather's treatment of his children, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his parents' relationship, pt. The SCLC adopted a motto to underscore its commitment to nonviolence: "Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed.". Fred Shuttlesworth has been a major leader of the civil rights movement for more than half a century. He was 89. See sales history and home details for 717 S Fred Shuttlesworth Cir, Cincinnati, OH 45229, a 7 bed, 2 bath, 4,413 Sq. Shuttlesworth studied at Selma University, earning his B.A. Birth date: March 18, 1922. On October 5, 2011, Shuttlesworth died at the age of 89 in his hometown of Birmingham, Alabama. However, Shuttlesworth continued to work to secure Birminghams public accommodations and the desegregation of its schools. He and his second wife, Sephira, moved to downtown Birmingham where he was receiving medical treatment. Born in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and was Membership Chairman of the Alabama state chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1956, when the State of Alabama formally outlawed it from operating within the state. Shuttlesworth noted that he respected the courage of the activists proposing the Rides but that he felt other actions could be taken to accelerate the Civil Rights Movement that would be less dangerous. I said [to Martin Luther King Jr.], 'I assure you, if you come to Birmingham, this movement can not only gain prestige, but really shake the country.'. Fred Shuttlesworth biography, ethnicity, religion, interesting facts, favorites, family, updates, childhood facts, information and more: What is Fred Shuttlesworth's full name? And Shuttlesworth was an organizer of the 1965 Selma to Montgomery voting rights march. This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 03:55. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, a storied civil rights leader who survived beatings and bombings in Alabama a half-century ago as he fought against racial injustice alongside the Rev . It has since then been used for programs in all fifty states and in more than twenty countries. The following year he helped establish the SCLC. Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham, and Selma. Shuttlesworth embraced that philosophy, even though his own personality was combative, headstrong and sometimes blunt-spoken to the point that he frequently antagonized his colleagues in the Civil Rights Movement as well as his opponents. African American Registry. In 1961 Shuttlesworth moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he founded the Greater New Light Baptist Church in 1966. He suspected their promises could not be trusted until they acted on them. Shuttlesworth was arrested many, many times over the course of his activism, yet in later interviews would talk about the power of his faith in sustaining him. In 1988 he founded the Shuttlesworth Housing Foundation to help low-income families own their own homes, and in 2004 he became president of the SCLC. Robert Bentley orders flags on state buildings at half staff for Rev. Although he was born Freddie Lee Robinson, Shuttlesworth took the name of his stepfather, William N. Shuttlesworth. In 1978, Shuttlesworth was portrayed by Roger Robinson in the television miniseries King. The mob beat Shuttlesworth with "chains, baseball bats and brass knuckles, and his wife was stabbed in the hips". In 1945, he delivered a sermon at Selma University and decided to pursue his A.B. Five Things You Should Know About Fred Shuttlesworth, Empathy: A Hard Look at a Touchy-Feely Subject, The 2014 GOOD Gift Guide to Beautiful Books, Gender In Sports: Leveling The Playing Field, After his old master wanted him back, the freed slaves response is a literary masterpiece. In May of 1956, at a mass meeting at Bethel, Shuttlesworth established the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR). [26][27] By order of Alabama governor Robert Bentley, flags on state government buildings were to be lowered to half-staff until Shuttlesworth's interment. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. The Riders then decided to take a plane to New Orleans (where they had planned on finishing the Rides) and were assisted by Shuttlesworth in getting to the airport and onto the plane.[15]. Shuttlesworth also became president of the SCLC mid-decade, though he soon left due to disagreements with the internal workings of the organization. Updates? On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton. 2. Fred Shuttlesworth, a pioneer . Fred L. Shuttlesworth, the noted civil rights leader and co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, died Wednesday in Birmingham, Alabama. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Fred Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Leader #107995. Selma To Montgomery National Historic Trail, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, A founder of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), selma to montgomery national historic trail. In Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham, 394 U.S. 197 (1969), the Supreme Court ruled that the conviction of the Rev. Name: Fred Shuttlesworth. Though he worked closely with King, Shuttlesworth's style was decidedly different. He would go on to become one of the most prominent civil rights activist in 1950s and onward. By order of Alabama governor Robert Bentley, flags on state government buildings were to be lowered to half-staff until Shuttlesworth's interment. Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fred-Shuttlesworth, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Fred Shuttlesworth, Encyclopedia of Alabama - Biography of Fred Lee Shuttlesworth, BlackPast.org - Biography of Fred Shuttlesworth, National Park Service - International Civil Rights Walk of Fame - Biography of Fred Shuttlesworth, African American Registry - Biography of Fred Shuttlesworth, Fred Shuttlesworth - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. On December 25, 1956, unknown persons tried to kill Shuttlesworth by placing sixteen sticks of dynamite under his bedroom window. Fred Shuttlesworth carries on a 40-year fight as the movement's 'battlefield general'. Fred Shuttlesworth moved to Cincinnati after Birmingham as the founding pastor of Greater New Light Baptist Church and was an unwavering warrior against racism, homelessness, poverty, and injustice before retiring to Birmingham in 2008. 2, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes Rosedale High School, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers his stepfather's death, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls his teachers at Rosedale High School, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls the white residents of Oxmoor, Alabama, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers his arrest for bootlegging, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his work experiences after high school, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls meeting his wife, Ruby Keeler Shuttlesworth, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers the early years of his marriage, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth recalls moving to Mobile, Alabama, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth describes his home in Mobile, Alabama, pt. civil rights activist, minister. And he returned to St. Augustine in 2004 to take part in a celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the St. Augustine movement there.[2][17]. Graduating valedictorian from his high school, Fred Shuttlesworth worked assorted jobs before finding his calling to the pulpit, studying at the ministerial institution Selma University and earning his B.A. Birth State: Alabama. In December of that year, the United States Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, was illegal. "Among the youthful 'elders' of the movement," historian Diane McWhorter told The New York Times, "he was Martin Luther King's most effective and insistent foil: blunt where King was soothing, driven where King was leisurely, and most important, confrontational where King was conciliatorymeaning, critically, that he was more upsetting than King in the eyes of the white public." Sexual rights is not the same as civil rights and human rights. QUICK FACTS. On appeals the case reached the US Supreme Court. Born on March 18, 1922, in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Fred Shuttlesworth was a Baptist minister and one of the South's most prominent Civil Rights leaders. Shuttlesworth himself vowed to "kill segregation or be killed by it". While studying at Selma University (B.A., 1951) and Alabama State College (now Alabama State University; B.S., 1952), Shuttlesworth began preaching at the First Baptist Church in Selma, Alabama. In 1965, he helped organize the Selma to Montgomery marches as part of a voting rights campaign in Selma, Alabama. He was sentenced to 180 days of hard labor and $100 fine and costs. Prompted by the removal of a non-cancerous brain tumor in August of the previous year, he gave his final sermon in front of 300 people at the Greater New Light Baptist Church on March 19, 2006the weekend of his 84th birthday. He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, initiated and was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign, and continued to work against racism and for alleviation of the problems of the homeless in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he took up a pastorate in 1961. Three years ago, the city of Birmingham named its airport after Shuttlesworth. He was 89. Shuttlesworth was apparently personally fearless, even though he was aware of the risks he ran. General James Harold "Jimmy" Doolittle (1896-1993) was a pioneering pilot, aeronautical engineer, combat leader and military strategist whose career stretched from World War I to the height of . Not just for Birminghamfor the nation. Also . Frederick Lee "Fred" Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 - October 5, 2011) was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama.He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, initiated and was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham . He also assisted the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) in organizing the Freedom Rides. p. 148. The Reverend. Search instead in Creative? THE DIGITAL REPOSITORY FOR THE BLACK EXPERIENCE. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}How the Greensboro Four Began the Sit-In Movement, Biography: You Need to Know: Bayard Rustin, Biography: You Need to Know: Sylvia Rivera, Biography: You Need to Know: Dorothy Pittman Hughes, 10 Influential Asian American and Pacific Islander Activists. His mother, Alberta Robinson, later married William Shuttlesworth, a farmer. 1. And when Shuttlesworth tried to enroll his daughters in an all-white Birmingham school in 1957, an armed mob attacked him, beating him unconscious and stabbing his wife. Omissions? This was an insightful and interesting read about a conflict regarding equal rights between the late 1950's and early 1960's. The setting takes place in the deep south of Birmingham, Alabama. Fred Shuttlesworth died in 2011 at the age of 89 in Birmingham, Alabama. 8 likes. These events, among others, helped bring about the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. $361,925 Last Sold Price. Atlanta Black Star is a narrative company. In an effort to provide a source of low-income housing, he established the Shuttlesworth Housing Foundation in Cincinnati in the 1980s. In 1998, Shuttlesworth became an early signer and supporter of the Birmingham Pledge, a grassroots community committed to combating racism and prejudice. Shuttlesworth, with King and fellow minister Ralph D. Abernathy, would later be seen as one of the movement's "Big Three.". Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Vol. Arsenault, Raymond (2006). Civil Rights Leader . Fred Shuttlesworth attended Rosedale High School from which he graduated as the valedictorian. Shuttlesworth got his license as a country preacher when he was changing from a Methodist to a Baptist Christian. [13] Shuttlesworth stuck with the Riders[14] and called Kennedy. It used both litigation and direct action to pursue its goals. In the new millennium, Shuttlesworth received the Presidential Citizens Medal from Bill Clinton in 2001, with the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport named in his honor in 2008. Shuttlesworth's fiercest enemy in Birmingham was infamous public safety commissioner Bull Connor. The ACMHR raised almost all of its funds from local sources at mass meetings. Introduction To This LibGuide. Birth Country: United States. Called "the most courageous civil rights fighter in the South" by Martin Luther King, Jr., Shuttlesworth paid for his activities by enduring beatings, a murder attempt, multiple arrests, and the bombing of his house. between $1 Million - $2 Million. Fred Shuttlesworth speaking to a police officer and other men during an attempt to integrate buses in Birmingham, Alabama. Oxford UP. He called for the hiring of African-American police officers and, with the outlawing of the NAACP in his home state, Shuttlesworth established the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights in 1956. He was not shy in asking King to take a more active role in leading the fight against segregation and warning that history would not look kindly on those who gave "flowery speeches" but did not act on them. In an attack in 1957, a white mob brutally beat Rev. Ft. single family home built in 1897 that was last sold on 06/23/2008. He remained intensely involved in the Birmingham campaign after moving to Cincinnati, and frequently returned to help lead actions. Joining forces with the Congress On Racial Equality (CORE), Shuttlesworth helped organize the Freedom Rides and in 1963, began a campaign called Project "C" to fight segregation in Birmingham through mass demonstrations and boycotts. 1. Five years later Shuttlesworth retired from the ministry. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. The televised images of Connor's directing handlers of police dogs to attack young unarmed demonstrators and firefighters using hoses to knock down children had a profound effect on American citizens' view of the civil rights struggle, and helped lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Shuttlesworth noted that he respected the courage of the activists proposing the Rides but that he felt other actions could be taken to accelerate the Civil Rights Movement that would be less dangerous. Fred Shuttlesworth. One of the most relentless figures of the Civil Rights Movement, the Reverend Fred Lee Shuttlesworth was born on March 18, 1922, in Montgomery County, Alabama. Shuttlesworth married Ruby Keeler, a nurse, in 1941 and moved to Mobile in 1943 where he became a truck driver and studied auto mechanics. By 1950, Shuttlesworth was the pastor of First Baptist Church in Selma, Alabama, and in 1953, he returned to Birmingham as pastor of Bethel Baptist Church. Home Civil Rights Leader Fred Shuttlesworth . All we've got to do is to keep marching. 816 Sq. Freedom Riders 468 . All rights reserved. Letter From: The Rev. Similarly, when the United States Supreme Court ruled in December 1956 that bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, was unconstitutional, Shuttlesworth announced that the ACMHR would challenge segregation laws in Birmingham on December 26, 1956. In 1964, he traveled to St. Augustine, Florida (which he often cited as the place where the civil rights struggle met with the most violent resistance), taking part in marches and widely publicized beach wade-ins. The Rev. 733, The University of Alabama Press, 2002. Shuttlesworth participated in the sit-ins against segregated lunch counters in 1960 and took part in the organization and completion of the Freedom Rides in 1961. 1, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth remembers the bombing of his home, pt. SOLD MAY 23, 2022. CBS, director J. Shuttlesworth organized the Greater New Light Baptist Church in 1966. 1 Bath. Shuttlesworth invited SCLC and King to come to Birmingham in 1963 to lead the campaign to desegregate it through mass demonstrationswhat Shuttlesworth called "Project C", the "C" standing for "confrontation". He graduated from high school as class valedictorian. Birthday : March 18, 1922. After his actions helped spawn the passage of the federal Civil Rights Act in 1964, Shuttlesworth continued fighting for justice in realms both racial and economic. [13], When Shuttlesworth prepared the Riders to leave Birmingham and they reached the Greyhound Terminal, the Riders found themselves stranded as no bus driver was willing to drive the controversial group into Mississippi. On October 27, 2008, the airport was officially changed to BirminghamShuttlesworth International Airport. Shuttlesworth organized the Greater New Light Baptist Church in 1966. Fred Shuttlesworth nickname(s): . In 2004, Shuttlesworth received the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award is given out annually by Jefferson Awards. 4. 2006-3-19 On the weekend of his 84th birthday, Fred Shuttlesworth gives his final sermon in front of 300 people at the Greater New Light Baptist Church. FUN FACTS In 1953 Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church. Sign up to receive The Atlanta Black Star Newsletter in your inbox. He began to push for Black police, and in 1956, he founded theAlabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Baths. He worked with such organizations as the Civic League and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on efforts that included increased voter registration among African Americans. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. From the start of his career, Shuttlesworth, who was raised poor in Alabama, was fiery and obstinate. Fast forward to the 1980s, and he founded another organization, the Shuttlesworth Housing Foundation, providing grants for home ownership. Shuttlesworth with chains and bats and stabbed his wife after the couple attempted to enroll their daughters in an all-white high school. Born: 3/18/1922. The Rent Zestimate for this home is $2,999/mo. Frederick Lee Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 October 5, 2011[1]) was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama. This page was last modified on 27 February 2023, at 18:49. Connor's violent responsesattack dogs, fire hoses, billy clubsto Shuttlesworth's peaceful demonstrations were integral in changing America's attitude about Jim Crow. The BirminghamShuttlesworth International Airport was named in his honor in 2008. Annual Salary. Shuttlesworth. Garrison, Greg (June 29, 2008) "Legacy, history of civil rights icon Fred Shuttlesworth". As pastor of Bethel Baptis. Walton, Val (February 19, 2008) "Rev. Nash noted, Fred was practically a legend. In later years he took part in commemorative activities in Selma at the time of the anniversary of the famous march. After the May 14, 1961, attacks on the Freedom Riders, Shuttlesworth provided refuge for the activists, with outreach made to Attorney General Robert Kennedy for assistance. AL Department of Archives & History. Birthplace: Mugler, Ala. Died: 10/5/2011. In 1965, he was active in the Selma Voting Rights Movement, and its march from Selma to Montgomery which led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Palmer encouraged Shuttlesworth to attend Cedar Grove Academy, a local bible college. Zestimate Home Value: $330,000. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Other committed activists were scared off or mystified by his willingness to accept the risk of death. He worked closely with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., co-founding the SCLC and organizing direct-action protests in Birmingham, refusing to waver even after multiple attacks. "Fred Shuttleworth: The Man Who Pushed Martin Luther King Jr. Fred Lee ShuttlesworthAfrican American Baptist pastor and the central leader of the civil rights movement in Birmingham, Fred Lee Shuttlesworth (1922 2011) was one of the pioneering figures in the civil rights era. In 1978, Shuttlesworth was portrayed by Roger Robinson in the television miniseries King. . Activist. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. He worked with Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, though the two men often disagreed on tactics and approaches. He himself had been brutalized earlier in the day and had faced down the threat of being thrown out of the hospital by the hospital superintendent. Shuttlesworth got his license as a country preacher when he was changing from a Methodist to a Baptist Christian. Fred Shuttlesworth was born on March 18, 1922, in Mount Meigs, Alabama, and died October 5, 2011, in Birmingham. 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The risks he ran activist in 1950s and onward and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it 's safe! Economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking workings of Bethel. Enemy in Birmingham, and more risks he ran 18, 1961, www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/multimedia/fred-shuttlesworth.html as civil rights activist in and... Apparently personally fearless, even though he worked as a country preacher when he was presented with the [... Beat Rev effort to interesting facts about fred shuttlesworth a source of low-income Housing, he delivered a sermon at Selma,. At 03:55 ] Shuttlesworth stuck with the Riders [ 14 ] and called Kennedy in... Alabama governor robert Bentley, flags on state buildings at half staff for Rev in 2008 movement for information. Assured it 's a safe place for kids to grow and explore safe place for kids to grow and.. 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