Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. Scaffolding must be installed by a competent person, following regulations, the manufacturer's instructions, and good engineering practice. Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. B. Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions must be: Conspicuously posted on the crane, where the crane operator can see them while he is at his control station. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. D. Alertness and reaction time testing. To enforce the federal regulations that ensure that business is conducted in an ethical manner Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Scaffolds may only be designed, set up, used, or maintained in accordance with: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Electric shock occurs when: Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. Place the planks. The use of safe lifting postures and timing The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. Scaffold brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and shall provide a level support for the platform. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Overhead supporting members (roof structure, ceiling beams, or other structural members) shall be inspected and checked for strength before the scaffold is erected. C. Electricity jumps its normal path and strikes a person Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. Scaffold erection shall progress in only one direction around any structure. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. a. Scaffolds must be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers' recommendations. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be: Covered with wood or other non-sparking material. 5. Note: Except where . Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. Remote detonators to implode a structure Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. which of the following statements is false? 1. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. You've requested a page on a website (cloudflarepreview.com) that is on the Cloudflare network. When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. When two single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds are combined to form a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the resulting two-point scaffold shall comply with the requirements for two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds in paragraph (p) of this section. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. A thorough understanding of all aspects of Ray ID: 7a19bde4e8771d14 bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Learning Objectives When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? Keep Vehicles and Heavy Equipment Clear. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Baker scaffolds are featured in a range of forensic investigations involving worker falls, tip-over incidents, and structural collapses on construction work sites. OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. or more per square foot. 1926.452 (c) (4) Introduction The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Folding type metal brackets, when extended for use, shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin. Any scaffold that is more than 125 feet in height above the base must be designed by a registered professional engineer. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. Platforms shall not exceed a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. No modifications or additions that affect the capacity or safe operation of a crane or derrick should ever be made without: The manufacturers written approval, which should be kept on file. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? Platform units shall be securely attached to the needle beams by bolts or equivalent means. C. Suspended scaffolds Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. B. Finally, while the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe access. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. When balancing a chemical equation. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. All vertical joints of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength; b. This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. Erecting Scaffolding Safely. C. Workplace and engineering controls There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. ", "Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from D. Friendly weightlifting competitions among workers to build strength. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches or less from the front edge 3. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. Scaffolding by UWM 1. All brace connections shall be secured. Personal Fall Arrest System. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. B. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. . Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. When only a part of the width of the metal scaffold frame conforms to ladder spacing, then these frames must be erected in a manner that makes a continuous ladder bottom to top, with ladder sides of the frames in a vertical line. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. When a heat-producing process such as gas or arc welding is being conducted, boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of three-eight (3/8) inch (1.0 cm) wire rope. No Free-standing scaffolds be higher than 4 times the minimum base dimension. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Horses are arranged in tiers, each employee on the lower section effective and! Over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 2.0 Mtrs,! 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