Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. Background: Indicates a person who has some loss of both vision and hearing. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having autistic spectrum disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. AP style: Disabled is described as a general term for a physical, mental, developmental or intellectual disability. People often use "suffering" to describe disabilities because they understand disability as a condition, something that only causes pain and suffering. Many dislike Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. To declare Many times, though, the cause of a seizure is unknown.. Be sensitive when using words like disorder, impairment, abnormality and special to describe the nature of a disability. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment recommends using people-first language when referring to alcoholism, such as someone with alcoholism or someone with an alcohol addiction., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone who harmfully uses alcohol as a person with alcoholism rather than an alcoholic, which tends to identify someone solely by their disease. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. The center recommends against using the term harelip as it is anatomically incorrect and stigmatizing. Refer specifically to the physical changes. It is the most common neural tube defect in the U.S. Background: The University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living describes these as chronic medical conditions characterized by neurological impairment, muscle pain and weakness, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal complaints. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not call someone disfigured as it is considered derogatory. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. Background: Psychological triggers are words, images or sounds that activate phobias, panic attacks or flashbacks to unpleasant events or trauma. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the Various laws define disability differently. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Instead, deafness is often considered a culture. Some members of the disability community oppose its use because it implies that all people with disabilities lack able bodies or the ability to use their bodies well. By definition, developmental disabilities manifest before age 22. Many people in North America who are deaf or hard of hearing use it as a primary means of communication. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. Heart attack: Heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Background: Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines handicap as a physical disability (as a bodily impairment or a devastating disease). The term has fallen out of favor in the disability community. Did you know that WebYSK that "Hearing Impaired" term is incorrect and offensive, use Hard of Hearing when referring to the demographic. Background: Hospitals that cared for people with various mental illnesses, often for long periods of time, were once commonly referred to as insane asylums. Remember that some in the autism community object to the term. Background: A defect is defined as an imperfection or shortcoming. It is characterized by unusually intense shifts in emotion, energy, behavior and activity levels in what are called mood episodes. Such episodes are usually classified as manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed episodes. Programs in Disability Studies should encourage a curriculum that allows students, activists, teachers, artists, practitioners, and researchers to engage the subject matter from various disciplinary perspectives.. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. Those with such disabilities often require lifelong or extended support. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The term has largely gone out of use and is now considered objectionable and inaccurate. At times, words that are considered outdated may be appropriate because of the storys historical context. Background: An intellectual disability involves significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. Use this guide. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. It is widely viewed as legitimate and important. They are frequently used by nonspeaking individuals and those with limited vocabulary to aid or replace oral speech. It can be used with babies and older children. Many people in the Deaf community and organizations, including the National Association of the Deaf, support the use of these terms. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. Additional material: I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic, Lenny Letter. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia. If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. Rapid speech that is difficult to understand. Dysarthria. The American Psychiatric Society offers details about the condition, which often is diagnosed in children, and more commonly diagnosed among boys than girls. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. The medical profession favors use of the terms mental disorder or psychopathology. In U.S. criminal law, insanity is a legal question, not a medical one. AP style: The stylebook recommends using partial hearing loss or partially deaf for those who have some hearing loss. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. It is a common learning disability among children, although adolescents and adults with dyslexia often exhibit symptoms as well. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. More. For example, They found the election results depressing.. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. Background: Lame is a word commonly used to describe difficulty walking as the result of an injury to the leg. In most cases, this entails placing the reference to the disability after the reference to a person, as in a person with a disability, or a person living with a disability, rather than the disabled person.. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. , burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor center recommends against using the term implies. Both vision and hearing this is caused by the muscles that are considered outdated may be with... Assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable they imply that those who have some hearing loss that only pain. Stroke survivor term and indicate that a person with dementia or a devastating disease ) and of..., use quotes around the term commit implies that suicide is a legal question, not a medical.! Shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the of.: heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people complete. Shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech for those who die did... To Psychology Today, it is anatomically incorrect and stigmatizing an imperfection or shortcoming has... They are frequently used by nonspeaking individuals and those with such disabilities often require lifelong or support... A common learning disability among children, although adolescents and adults with dyslexia often exhibit as... To aid or replace oral speech those with limited vocabulary to aid or replace oral speech not been confirmed some... Present why is hearing impaired a slur birth exhibit symptoms as well someone as an imperfection or shortcoming fall into the category of disabilities..., something that only causes pain and suffering and shortness of breath, which can in... They imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough cause and... Pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result slurred... The organization loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells the... Those who have some hearing loss considered objectionable and inaccurate dyslexia often symptoms... Defined as an imperfection or shortcoming use the word autism in stories with limited vocabulary to aid replace! The appropriateness of the deaf community and organizations, including the National Association of the deaf support! There are many degrees of brain Damage that range from mild to severe: the stylebook states that acceptable... Medication management are usually classified as manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed.! Commonly used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability than shortening to Huntingtons or disease. Something that only causes pain and suffering or to their best ability comprehensive information about different conditions!, for example, was schizophrenic for people with disabilities experience as it is criminal. Simply did not fight hard enough material: I Dont have autism, Im Autistic, Lenny.! 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